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While crises are ubiquitous in Latin America, due to its geographical characteristics as well as its turbulent business environment, countries such as Peru have also extreme rates of corruption and deep institutional weakness. These factors, taken together, undermine any attempt of national governments or society's collective efforts towards achieving sustainability. This paper aims to analyze the "Vacunagate" scandal that occurred in Peru during the first negotiations of the vaccination process against COVID-19, using a case study method, and focusing our discussion from the Agency Theory as well as from leadership and institutional perspectives. The results of the analysis emphasize how the "Vacunagate" event generated relevant constraints towards the achievement of the SDG 16, and its specific targets related to provide justice for all, deal with organized crime, reduce corruption, and create accountable institutions. In addition, the study provides insights and implications for organizations in Peru that would have to operate under a turbulent business environment, considering a business-as-usual corruption and a weak institutional context.
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The case of an adolescent with nocturnal enuresis since childhood, and anxiety symptoms during adolescence, associated with psychosocial factors and family dynamics, is presented. During the COVID-19 pandemic, he presented intense symptoms of anxiety related to fears of dying and/or experiencing a serious illness, reasoned for which he was taken to the emergency room on several occasions. The patient responded favorably to antidepressant medications, and individual and family psychotherapy approaches. Nocturnal enuresis es an elimination disorder rarely seen in adolescence, and whose diagnosis and treatment are important due to its impact on the patient's psychosocial functioning and greater probabilities of comorbidity. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescents and its higher risk of presenting anxiety, depression and stress associated with enuresis, are also discussed.Copyright © 2022 Authors.
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This document shows the way in which the supply chain of a company in the textile industry was affected as a result of the lack of maintenance in one of its productive processes in times of pandemic is exposed. From this premise a preventive maintenance proposal is presented, with the purpose of allowing the organization to reduce unscheduled stoppages in the machinery that produces the analyzed product. The maintenance proposal was carried out through observation, information registration and open interviews. Furthermore, the maintenance proposal was elaborated from an analysis of the critical points of the machinery, which were identified by a Pareto diagram. With this maintenance plan, it is intended to have a flexible production that allows to adapt to the needs of the current demand derived from the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2022 IEEE.
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This study identifies measures to recover economic growth and build sustainable societies and markets in post-COVID-19 scenarios-with a perspective of resilience and adaptability to climate change and massive biodiversity loss. Additionally, this study uncovers the interventions implemented to address economic, environmental and social consequences of past crises based on a systematic literature review. Specifically, this chapter provides answers to the following six questions: (1) What has been done in the past to rebuild social, economic and environmental balance after global crises? (2) Where (geographical region) did the analysis on measures taken concentrate? (3) When have scholars analysed past measures to rebuild business and society after a global crisis? (4) How did the past measures to rebuild business and society after the global crisis take place? (5) Who promotes the measures to rebuild business and society after a global crisis takes place? (6) Why is it important to study the previous literature on past measures to rebuild business and society after a global crisis takes place? Finally, this chapter identifies future research opportunities to rebuild business and society after the past global crises. © 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited.
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Objectives: Depression is one of the most prevalent and impactful mental health disorders for adolescents and is increasing amid the COVID-19 pandemic. While the effectiveness and efficacy of pharmacological and psychotherapy treatment for adolescent depression is well researched, there are mixed conclusions on the impact of comorbid anxiety. This project aimed to identify specific anxiety-related factors that may be interfering with treatment outcomes to enhance clinical care and the interrelationship of multiple symptom measures. Method(s): Archival data from the NIMH-supported Treatment of Adolescents With Depression Study was utilized (TADS team, 2004). Participants included 439 adolescents, aged 12 to 17 years, who were randomly assigned to 4 treatment arms: fluoxetine, CBT, combined fluoxetine and CBT, and placebo, over a period of 36 weeks. Baseline measures included the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC), Physical Symptom Checklist (PSC), Cognitive Triad Inventory for Children (CTI-C), and Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (DAS). The Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R) was used as an outcome measure. Bivariate Pearson correlation coefficient analyses were conducted to identify relationships between the MASC factors and other baseline assessments. CDRS-R scores were predicted using a linear mixed model with random effects to account for missing scores at different time points. General linear models were used for analyses of predictor and moderators at weeks 12, 24, and 36. Result(s): Physiological symptoms predicted poorer treatment outcomes at weeks 12, 24, and 36. Additionally, MASC subfactors of physical symptoms, humiliation/rejection, and perfectionism were significantly correlated with the PSC, CTI-C relationship items, and the DAS perfectionism scale, respectively. Conclusion(s): Increased physiological symptoms merit treatment via either singular CBT or SSRI or combined CBT and SSRI intervention. Further, the MASC emerged as a robust metric for identifying co-occurring anxiety symptoms in depressed adolescents. DDD, RI, TREAT Copyright © 2022
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The pandemic caused by the Covid-19 virus had great repercussions throughout the world and in all areas. It attacked not only from a health point of view, but also the economy and society, because it litera-lly paralyzed the planet. One of the most sensitive points was education, considering that this sector saw its structure and type of teaching modality com-pletely mutated. Teachers and students were forced to take on the study through virtual classes. This was a problem considering that, due to the characteris-tics of the Ecuadorian population, not everyone has access to the internet or digital media. To analyze the impact of this phenomenon in Ecuador, the city of Babahoyo was taken as a field of study during the period of 2020. The objective of this research was to analyze the consequences of the pandemic in rela-tion to the right to education. The research was de-veloped in the qualitative-quantitative modality, for a critical analysis of the problem presented. The aim is to achieve a degree of citizen awareness that recog-nizes the importance of creating public policies for education, since it is the duty of the State to guaran-tee the right to education.
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Background: Telemedicine gained popularity during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, virtual consults are mostly utilized in outpatient visits and inpatient curbsides. Virtual consults are underutilized during invasive procedures. Objective: Demonstrate the feasibility of intraoperative virtual consults to facilitate a team-based approach to patient care. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients undergoing cardiac procedures in Presidente Perón Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina with live virtual clinical support from Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN and technical support from industry sponsor (MediCool Technologies, Inc). All procedures were approved by the institutional review boards. Patients >18 years old undergoing median sternotomy for a cardiac procedure were enrolled in a study to assess the feasibility of terminating atrial fibrillation by placing a cooled device in the oblique sinus. All procedures were performed using videotelephony software (Zoom Video Communications, Inc.) with real-time patient data, visualization of surgical field and device parameters available to Mayo Clinic staff and sponsor. Three-way communication allowed for immediate clinical and technical input given the team’s pre-clinical experience with the novel technology. Results: Three patients met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in the study. Two patients had aortic and one patient had mitral valve surgeries. All patients had the index surgery without complications. Using remote videotelephony, patient data was available in real-time to Mayo Clinic and sponsor for review and input (Figure 1). Physicians in Argentina operated the novel system successfully and terminated atrial fibrillation in 5/6 applications without any complications, interruptions, delays of care or adverse outcomes. All procedures were recorded and data was available for post procedural analysis. Conclusion: Intraoperative virtual consults are feasible and can facilitate a team approach to patient care. [Formula presented]
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This article examines the debate regarding regional integration and Global Value Chains (GVCs) in Latin America, and the challenges and opportunities that a deepening integration would have for exporting firms. The Latin American region had been progressively taking part in these integrated economic systems when COVID 19 hit. The pandemic has exposed weaknesses in its participation due to several factors, including its dependence on extra-regional hubs. Nevertheless, the disruption has brought back the need to consider the advantages of Latin American GVCs that could enhance the resilience and performance of regional firms. The review shows various benefits in carrying out a regional integration that is GVCs-oriented, similar to Asian and European countries. However, achieving the same level of regional GVC is not without challenges for firms, governments, and institutions. This article examines these alternatives in the context of an economic and health crisis.
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The expanded use of the Masi ventilators to more regions of Peru is important, particularly for regions located at high altitudes, due to the ventilatory support latent need, which also represents a challenge in the calibration and the adjustment of metrological parameters to ensure its correct performance. In a previous study, in Puno city at 3800 m.a.s.l., it was found an error above 15.0% (minimum tolerance) in the tidal volume, for which a negative correction of 25.0% was applied. In the present study, a Masi ventilator was transported to Chachapoyas city, at an altitude of 2400 m.a.s.l. to continue evaluating the effect of altitude on the parameters of the device. Once there, ventilators were acclimated and calibrated. Tidal volume, inspiration-expiration ratio (LE), positive endexpiratory pressure (PEEP), peak inspiratory flow (PIF) and peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) were tested, and the maximum percentages errors presented were 13.5% and 13.9% in the tidal volume and the PIF, respectively. For that reason, although errors were under 15.0%, an update of the software of Masi was needed, applying a negative correction of 14.0%. Then, the parameters were tested again obtaining results with errors below 6.0% and 8.0% in volume controlled an pressure controlled ventilation modes, respectively. These results allowed the use of the Masi ventilator at ICU area. Finally, a software update for the Masi ventilator is performed by applying a linear equation that relates altitudes and percentage errors tested.
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COVID-19, due to its speed of transmission and severity of symptoms, had a high mortality rate, especially in its early stages. Consequently, all countries decreed mandatory confinement to reduce the impact of contagion on people. This situation also caused psychosocial effects, especially in adolescents. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of confinement on the change of behavior of the youth population of the city of Puyo, for which field research was carried out to analyze the object of study, through the application of surveys to adolescents and interviews to psychology professionals to obtain relevant information. The results show a moderate modification of the behavior of the vast majority of young people, bringing psychological disorders such as stress, depression and anxiety, mainly caused by social isolation;however, despite the adverse circumstances, they developed Resilience.
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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is without a doubt an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, occupying the first place over other disorders such as obesity and dia-betes. Therefore, primary prevention is essential, especially during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, it is important to revise and update the strategies for prevention, including changes in lifestyle such as in nutrition and physical activ-ity, for which there are numerous possibilities and alternatives arising every day and that must be studied to determine their efficacy and safety. Likewise, additional factors and comorbidities that may elevate cardiovascular risk must also be assessed in order to apply opportune pharmacological treatments as prevention, some of them being accepted and widely used, and others being controversial. In con-sequence, further research is necessary to determine the best strategies for CVD prevention and continue innovation. Thus, the objective of this article is to review each of the modifiable cardiovascular risk factors with their respective alternatives, updates, and innovative therapeutic methods.
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The SARS-CoV-2 infection promotes a lack of control of the immune system with a predominance of a rapidly onset inflammatory response and the triggering of a cytokine storm. The objective of this review is to understand better the immune mechanisms and their lack of control activated by SARS-CoV-2. The activation of innate immunity against infection is the key factor for viral control or its progression towards COVID-19. The adaptive immune response is also disturbed by SARS-CoV-2, which enables a higher infection rate, as well as systemic immune lack of control that can trigger shock and tissue damage in different organs, death from COVID-19 or autoimmunity post-COVID-19. © 2021 Facultad de Medicina Dr. Aurelio Melean. All Rights Reserved.
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The COVID-19 crisis has brought with it a series of effects beyond the public health implications, others related to socioeconomic factors, as companies have had to reconcile business resilience with social resilience, thus becoming a complex challenge, where Social and business responsibility (CSR) plays an important role because it allows us to know the responsibility that each organization has with the environment in which it operates and with the society of which it is a part. The objective of this study was to identify the response capacity on the social responsibility of Peruvian businesses in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, analyzing the particular case of the local company FARVET SAC, for which the different CSR activities of five main companies were analyzed. : Buenaventura, San Fernando, Sociedad Agrícola Virú and Arca Continental Lindley, as well as the analysis of the case study, obtaining as results that the types of response by these five companies were classified as selective, supportive and reactive;Regarding the case study, the company's CSR activities were described, with an emphasis on donations of health products, donations in kind, scientific research on COVID-19 and support for its collaborators. Additionally, a CSR model is proposed, based on a strategic organizational program that allows for sustainability to the actions that are being carried out, taking into account CSR indicators that ensure the monitoring of progress and objectives achieved, so that corrective measures or changes strategies can be identified and implemented in a timely manner. © 2021 IEEE.
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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has generated a practically unsustainable international sanitary burden, reaching the pandemic status. Although the infection may occur in all kinds of individuals, advanced age and the presence of multiple comorbidities have been positively correlated with infection rates and mortality. The lungs appear to be the tar-get organs of the infection;however, it is not infrequent for patients to present the affectation of other tissues. Interestingly, cerebrovascular disease (CVD) has been reported in some severe cases of COVID-19. Moreover, stroke has been proposed as a possible form of presentation for COVID-19. Despite the prepondering role of age and the history of dis-orders, such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus in the development of CVD, these do not appear to be the sole under-lying mechanisms in patients with COVID-19. Patients with CVD have been noted to show a worse prognosis regarding COVID-19, suggesting a bidirectional relationship between these entities. This review aims to revise the pathophysiological mechanisms explaining the connection between CVD and COVID-19.
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Purpose This paper aims to provide insights into the internationalization strategic responses to the COVID-19 pandemic by higher education institutions (HEIs) in Latin America. Design/methodology/approach This study is based on information from eight leading Latin American private universities. The data were obtained from official sources such as institutional communications and university administrators. Findings The authors identify two main issues that HEIs should consider while responding to the pandemic. First, greater attention and resource allocation to the universities' main local stakeholders can affect traditional internationalization activities. Second, a focus on revitalizing foreign partnerships and strengthening "virtual internationalization" can help maintain and eventually increase international presence. Research limitations/implications While this study analyses how these Latin American HEIs responded during the initial stages of the COVID-19 outbreak, it is important to conduct follow-up studies to shed light on how HEIs are adapting to the COVID-19 crisis as it continues to unfold. Originality/value This study is based on unique information gathered from leading private, not-for-profit HEIs in Latin America, which, contrary to state-owned HEIs or other private institutions in developed economies, have exhibited different means and conditions to respond to the coronavirus outbreak. Finally, the authors contribute to the literature on the internationalization of HEIs by discussing the role of a significant disruptive event on the internationalization of higher education and, particularly, business schools.
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The challenges of university processes in times of emergency in history do not refer to substantial changes until March 2020 with the appearance of the new SARS COV-19 coronavirus. The substantive processes in higher education institutions have undergone transformations in their conceptions and methodologies, in the case of the academy, in the development of classes with the virtual modality, these changes have been extremely renovating in some cases and in others of assumption of some semi-presential and distance modalities. The main purpose is to describe the process of virtuality in classes and their interactions between teachers and students, at first with the COVID 19 state of emergency, and to induce prospective elements of these experiences in a POST-COVID 19 scenario. This research explores and describes the main ways in which teachers interact with students and vice versa, in the development of classes, under the study and analysis of the sample of research subjects taught by the authors in the Law program at the Puyo branch of Uniandes, based on a virtual survey conducted after the first month of the new modality. The main results point to an understanding of graduating the interactions and the depth of these in terms of content and permanent evaluations of all the subjects of the curriculum, and the decisions to opt for the appropriate virtual resources.
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Purpose: This study aims to build on embedded approaches to stakeholder management and examines how organizational decision-makers consider social responsibility toward proximal stakeholders in crises that encompass an entire system of stakeholder relationships. Design/methodology/approach: Within a criterion-based sample of eight Latin American private universities, this paper develops in-depth exploratory case studies to examine the prioritization of stakeholders in higher education institutions’ decision-making during the outbreak of the COVID-19 crisis. Findings: Contrary to the notion that during crises organizations prioritize stakeholders that provide resources that are critical to survival, this study finds that in contextual crises stakeholder management is informed by social responsibility. In addition, the findings suggest that crises may be tipping points for changes toward mission-driven approaches to governance. Practical implications: Acknowledging the roles of social responsibility and proximity in stakeholder management during contextual crises allows for more informed governance of organizations that face disruptions in their system of stakeholder relations. Originality/value: This study contributes unique insights into the decision-maker’s prioritization of stakeholders during the COVID-19 crisis. The uncertainty associated with the emerging “new normal” allowed for an extreme test of socially embedded versus resource-oriented approaches to stakeholder management. © 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited.
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The current times of higher education in the world, with the appearance of the new Sars-Cov-2 virus, and its incidence in the Covid-19 disease that has disrupted the planet, have been, are and will be difficult for its new organization, planning, execution, control, evaluation and feedback. The substantive functions and their essential interrelations have also been affected and somewhat chaotic at first. As part of these, formative research - a trend that affects the interrelation of academia with research - has had to reinvent itself when it comes to understanding the spaces and times of interaction, and especially the modeling of forms of organization, not different but if differentiating in their conception and application. The present work promotes, from the point of view of participatory action research, with an exploratory and descriptive scope, the ways of interaction of formative research, from the curricular development of the subjects of the field of training of epistemology and methodology of the research in the Law career of the Universidad Regional Autonoma de los Andes. The application of proposals of forms of organization of the teaching-learning process is carried out, totally virtual, through the conceptions of formative research, which exposes partial results that denote the functionality and importance of the above with the influence of its own novelties of the virtual platform Moodle and those of videoconferences, prioritizing Microsoft Teams and Zoom.
ABSTRACT
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has generated a practically unsustainable sanitary burden internationally, reaching the pandemic status. Although the infection may occur in all kinds of individuals, advanced age and the presence of multiple comorbidities have been positively correlated with infection rates and mortality. The lungs appear to be the target organs of the infection;however, it is not infrequent for patients to present with affectation of other tissues. Interestingly, cerebrovascular disease (CVD) has been reported in some severe cases of COVID-19. Moreover, stroke has been proposed as a possible form of presentation for COVID-19. Despite the prepondering role of age and the history of disorders, such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus in the development of CVD, these do not appear to be the sole underlying mechanisms in patients with COVID-19. Patients with CVD have been noted to show a worse prognosis regarding COVID-19, suggesting a bidirectional relationship between these entities. This review aims to revise the pathophysiological mechanisms explaining the connection between CVD and COVID-19.